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Physical
and Magnetic Properties of Ductile Iron
EMJ sells
Dura-Bar brand 65-45-12 ductile iron, which is good for making
electromagnets.
|
Physical Properties of Ductile
Iron and Alternative Materials
|
|
Property
|
Unit
|
Ductile Iron
|
0.3% C
Cast Steel
|
Malleable Iron
|
Gray
Iron*
|
|
120-90-02
|
100-70-03
|
80-55-06
|
65-45-12
|
60-40-18
|
| Solidus Temperature |
°F
|
2,100
|
2,100
|
2,100
|
2,100
|
2,100
|
2,650
|
2,050
|
2,140
|
| Specific Gravity |
lb/in³
|
0.25
|
0.25
|
0.25
|
0.25
|
0.25
|
0.283
|
0.265
|
0.25
|
Mean Linear
Thermal Expansion |
°F-¹
x 10 to the -6th
|
6.0
|
6.0
|
6.0
|
6.0
|
6.0
|
7.0
|
6.7
|
5.8
|
| Vibration Damping |
-
|
Good
|
Good
|
Good
|
Good
|
Very Good
|
Poor
|
Good
|
Excellent
|
| Heat of Fusion |
BTU/lb
|
55
|
55
|
55
|
55
|
55
|
108
|
55
|
55
|
| Specific Heat |
BTU/lb/°F
|
0.15
|
0.15
|
0.14
|
0.13
|
0.13
|
0.11
|
0.12
|
0.13
|
| Thermal Conductivity (near room
temperature) |
Cal/cmsec °C
|
0.06
|
0.06
|
0.08
|
0.09
|
0.10
|
0.11
|
0.14
|
0.11
|
|
Magnetic Properties
|
|
| Maximum Permeability at 5,000 Gauss |
Oersted
|
290
|
290
|
570
|
2,100
|
2,100
|
-
|
2,350
|
800
|
| Saturation Induction at 10,000
Oersted |
Gauss
|
-
|
-
|
17,600
|
18,000
|
18,000
|
-
|
-
|
16,000
|
| Hysteresis Loss |
Erg/cm³/cycle
|
-
|
30
|
30
|
5
|
5
|
100
|
20
|
30
|
|
Mechanical Properties
|
|
| Proof Stress |
psi
|
(0.62 to 0.75) x Ultimate Tensile
Strength
|
30,500
|
(0.65-0.8)
x UTS
|
-
|
Modulus of Elasticity
in Tension |
psi x 10 to
the 6th
|
25.7
|
25.7
|
25.2
|
23.8
|
23.8
|
30.5
|
25
|
18.3
|
| Torsional Strength |
psi
|
108,000
|
90,000
|
72,000
|
58,000
|
50,000
|
-
|
34,000
|
60,000
|
| Modulus of Rigidity |
psi x 10 to
the 6th
|
9.6
|
9.6
|
9.6
|
9.3
|
9.1
|
11.4
|
11
|
7.1
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* A medium-high strength
gray iron was selected for comparison purposes.
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Short Summary of Ductile Iron
Specifications
|
|
Specifying Body
|
Spec. No.
|
Class or Grade
|
Min. Tensile psi
|
Min.
Yield psi
|
% Elongation
|
Heat Treatment
|
Other Requirements
|
Uses
|
Typical Applications
|
|
ASTM
|
A536-80
|
60-40-18
|
60,000
|
40,000
|
18
|
May be Annealed
|
In all grades in this
specification chemical composition is subordinate to mechanical
properties. However, the content of any element may be specified
by mutual agreement. |
For maximum shock resistant parts to
be used at sub-zero temperatures. |
Pressure-containing castings such as
valve and pump bodies. |
|
ASTM
|
A536-80
|
65-45-12
|
65,000
|
45,000
|
12
|
-
|
Most widely used grade for normal
service. |
Machinery castings subject to shock
and fatigue loading. |
|
ASTM
|
A536-80
|
80-50-06
|
80,000
|
55,000
|
6
|
-
|
Suitable for flame and induction
hardening. |
Crankshafts, gears and rollers. |
|
ASTM
|
A536-80
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100-70-03
|
100,000
|
70,000
|
3
|
Usually Normalized
|
Best combination of strength, wear
resistance and response to surface hardening. |
High strength gears, automotive and
machine components. |
|
ASTM
|
A536-80
|
120-90-02
|
120,000
|
90,000
|
2
|
Quenched and Tempered
|
Maximum strength and wear resistance. |
Pinions, gears, rollers and slides. |
| Short Summary of
Austenitic Ductile Iron Specifications |
|
Specifying Body
|
Spec. No.
|
Class or Grade
|
Min. Tensile psi
|
Min. Yield psi
|
% Elongation
|
Heat Treatment
|
Chemical Analysis and Hardness
|
Typical Applications
|
| |
% T.C.
|
%
Si
|
%
Mn
|
%
P
|
%
Ni
|
%
Cr
|
BHN
|
| ASTM |
A439-84 |
D-2
|
58,000
|
30,000
|
8
|
|
Min.
|
|
1.50
|
0.70
|
|
18.00
|
1.75
|
139
|
Valve stem bushings, valve
and pump bodies in petroleum, salt water and caustic service,
manifolds, turbocharger housings, air compressor parts. |
|
Max.
|
3.00
|
3.00
|
1.25
|
0.08
|
22.00
|
2.75
|
202
|
|
D-2B
|
58,000
|
30,000
|
7
|
|
Min.
|
|
1.50
|
0.70
|
|
18.00
|
2.75
|
148
|
Turbocharger housings,
rolls. |
|
Max.
|
3.00
|
3.00
|
1.25
|
0.08
|
22.00
|
4.00
|
211
|
|
D2-C
|
58,000
|
28,000
|
20
|
|
Min.
|
|
1.00 |
1.80 |
|
21.00 |
|
121
|
Electrode guide rings,
steam turbine dubbing rings. |
|
Max.
|
2.90
|
3.00
|
2.40
|
0.08
|
24.00
|
0.50
|
171
|
|
D-3
|
55,000
|
30,000
|
6
|
|
Min.
|
|
1.00
|
|
|
28.00
|
2.50
|
139
|
Turbocharger nozzles and
housings, steam turbine diaphragms, gas compressor diffusers. |
|
Max.
|
2.60
|
2.80
|
1.00
|
0.08
|
32.00
|
3.50
|
202
|
|
D-3A
|
55,000
|
30,000
|
10
|
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Min.
|
|
1.00
|
|
|
28.00
|
1.00
|
131
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High temperature bearing
rings requiring resistance to galling. |
|
Max.
|
2.60
|
2.80
|
1.00
|
0.08
|
32.00
|
1.50
|
193
|
|
D-4
|
60,000
|
|
|
|
Min.
|
|
5.00
|
|
|
28.00
|
4.50
|
202
|
Diesel engine manifolds,
manifold joints. |
|
Max.
|
.60
|
6.00
|
1.00
|
0.08
|
32.00
|
5.50
|
273
|
|
D-5
|
55,000
|
30,000
|
20
|
|
Min.
|
|
1.00
|
|
|
34.00
|
|
131
|
Guidance system housings,
gas turbine shroud rings, glass rolls. |
|
Max.
|
2.40
|
2.80
|
1.00
|
0.08
|
36.00
|
0.10
|
185
|
|
D-5B
|
55,000
|
30,000
|
6
|
|
Min.
|
|
1.00
|
|
|
34.00
|
2.00
|
139
|
Optical system mirrors and
parts for dimensional stability, stators for compressors. |
|
Max.
|
2.40
|
2.80
|
1.00
|
0.08
|
36.00
|
3.00
|
193
|
|
D-5S
|
65,000
|
30,000
|
10
|
|
Min.
|
|
4.90
|
|
|
34.00
|
1.75
|
131
|
Manifolds, turbine
housings, turbochargers where high temperatures and severe thermal
cycling occur. |
|
Max.
|
2.30
|
5.50
|
1.00
|
0.08
|
37.00
|
2.25
|
193
|
|
ASTM
|
A571-71 (1976)
|
D-2M
|
65,000
|
30,000
|
30
|
Annealed
|
Min.
|
2.20
|
1.50
|
3.75
|
|
21.00
|
|
121
|
Compressors, expanders
pumps and other pressure-
containing parts requiring a stable austenitic matrix at minus
423F (-234C) |
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ASME
|
SA571
|
Max.
|
2.70
|
2.50
|
4.50
|
0.08
|
24.00
|
0.20
|
171
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Short Summary of
ASTM Specification A897-90 / A897M-90 For Austempered Ductile
Iron |
| Grade |
Min. Tensile Strength |
Min. Yield Strength
|
Elongation Percent |
Impact Energy* |
Hardness BHN** |
|
MPa
|
Ksi
|
MPa
|
Ksi
|
Joules
|
Ft-lb
|
|
125/80/10
|
|
125
|
|
80
|
10
|
|
75
|
269-321
|
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850/550/10
|
850
|
|
550
|
|
10
|
100
|
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269-321
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150/100/7
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150
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100
|
7
|
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60
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302-363
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1050/700/7
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1050
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700
|
|
7
|
80
|
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302-363
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175/125/4
|
|
175
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|
125
|
4
|
|
45
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341-444
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1200/850/4
|
1200
|
|
850
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|
4
|
60
|
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341-444
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200/155/1
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200
|
|
155
|
1
|
|
25
|
388-477
|
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1400/1100/1
|
1400
|
|
1100
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|
1
|
35
|
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388-477
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230/185/-
|
|
230
|
|
185
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***
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***
|
444-555
|
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1600/1300/-
|
1600
|
|
1300
|
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***
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***
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444-555
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* Values obtained using unnotched Charpy bars tested at
72° F (2° C). The values in the table are the
average of the three highest of four tested samples.
** Hardness is not a mandatory specification and is shown for information
only.
*** Elongation and impact specifications are not required.
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specializes in contract electronics design. Do you need some help on
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